Nonhuman Primate Communication – Discussion

please make sure do them right and follow the instructions because I’ve been getting half points and my grade is going down . i will post students replys as exapmles

1 The species of primate that I chose to research is the gorilla. They live in groups and communicate vocally “They make screams, grunts, roars, growls, and even hooting like an owl at times. They certainly can be funny too, laughing in a way that seems like they are making fun of others around them and even the famous sticking their tongue out.” They also beat their chest, hit the ground with their hands and pull and throw plants and food. The ability to communicate is extremely important especially for communicating danger like letting the rest of the group to run or hide. Younger gorillas challenging the silver back for dominance also expressing how they feel to the rest of their group. But the communication does not transfer to other groups, it is specific to their own. The ability to communicate improves the gorilla’s fitness for survival by helping scare away predators and similar to humans their babies cry or scream when they are hungry or in danger.

https://www.gorillas-world.com/gorilla-communicati…

1 The species of primate that I chose to research is the gorilla. They live in groups and communicate vocally “They make screams, grunts, roars, growls, and even hooting like an owl at times. They certainly can be funny too, laughing in a way that seems like they are making fun of others around them and even the famous sticking their tongue out.” They also beat their chest, hit the ground with their hands and pull and throw plants and food. The ability to communicate is extremely important especially for communicating danger like letting the rest of the group to run or hide. Younger gorillas challenging the silver back for dominance also expressing how they feel to the rest of their group. But the communication does not transfer to other groups, it is specific to their own. The ability to communicate improves the gorilla’s fitness for survival by helping scare away predators and similar to humans their babies cry or scream when they are hungry or in danger.

https://www.gorillas-world.com/gorilla-communicati…

2 Non-Human Primate Communication

Non-human primates stay in groups and do communicate which highly contributes to their fitness. Take an example of chimpanzees. They make use of a rich combination of gestures. They appear to the most advanced among the animals when it comes to communication and social life (AtheistPlanet2, 2010). They make use of different gestures and vocalizations when they communicate. Gestures as well as posture communicate different messages with the group (AtheistPlanet2, 2010). Looking into gestures, chimpanzees will wave towards a certain direction when they want a group or a member of the group to look that way. This could be a predator or something else but the gesture will show the others to look that way and if it is a danger they will make sounds to warn each other which is another form of communication. Take an instance of a chimpanzee in fear of something. Its facial expression will communicate to the others that it is in danger (AtheistPlanet2, 2010). They will have a grin on their faces which could be equated to the smiles given by human beings when they are in tension. Chimpanzees will make a long loud grunt when it sees something dangerous which is a form of communication to the group.

Communication increases fitness within the chimpanzees as they can avoid unusual or dangerous things or predators, ensure they are well fed and so much more which increases their chances of survival. Fitness in this case means the ability of a primate to survive, mate, and produce offspring that are strong enough and raise the next generation containing a good genotype. For instance, when a chimpanzee sees something dangerous it makes a loud grunt which alerts the rest. They will in turn run to safety or as a group unite and chase the predator away. This ensures their survival. If it is hungry, it will make noises. These forms of cries and calls will alert the rest of the group on what they need and assistance is provided (AtheistPlanet2, 2010). This ensures their survival. Also, from a tender age, chimpanzees take care of their young ones until they are about five years. During these years they will learn communication. For instance, when a mother wants the young one to climb on its back it will stretch its lower limb and the young will know what to do. Communication enhances the social behaviors of the chimpanzees which are important in ensuring their next generations survive.

References

AtheistPlanet2 (March 7 2010), Natural World – Clever Monkeys (Part 1 to 6) retrieved fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSVF4CuXYno (Links to an external site.)

3 Primate Social Communication

According to the lecture in Module 6, “living in groups increases the level of fitness among primates since their chances of being killed decreases.” The textbook breaks down the various primates’ methods of communication. There are four primary forms: vocal, olfactory, tactile, and visual (Shook, 214). An example is the Pygmy Marmosets which are discussed in Part 1 of the video titled Clever Monkeys. The Pygmy Marmosets’ vision is 3D color which helps them see the vivid colors in the tree tops in the rainforest. The fact that they can grasp onto things and examine objects and their ability to recall objects and places allows them to be problem solvers. These primates are no different than others in that they have so living in groups increases fitness for survival against predators. The Pygmy Marmosets will alarm others in group if a predator is nearby. The video showed how these Marmosets communicate and most of this information is consistent with information available on the website Monkeyworlds.com. The Pygmy Marmosets live in the rainforest on the tips of trees and are found around the Amazon but their fitness is threatened because humans are destroying more and more of their habitat. These Marmosets do not have a seasonal mating period and will mate year-round if the conditions are good. Conditions like having sufficient sap from trees which is their primary food source. Limited food resources will make conditions bad and thus this reduces their mating and results in fewer off-spring and add to the fact that only 25% of the young reach maturity age this is not a strong fitness indicator for reproductive success and survival. In addition, many of the young fall out of the tree tops where they live. They are the size of hamsters at full maturity and they live high in the trees to avoid many predators. The Pygmy Marmosets live in small groups of less than 12 members so this limits their overall fitness for reproduction and survival as well. Vocalization is the most common method of socialization for primates and the Pygmy Marmoset are no different. When they are chattering it sounds like a clicking sound. If a neighbor raids their territory to take their sap from the trees, they rally together loudly vocalizing their discontent to chase them off. Marmosets will fight to the death against other groups to protect their group members and food sources which is another factor that impairs their fitness within their groups or as a species.

Work Cited:

Attenborough, David. “Clever Monkeys”. Part One. National Geographic. BBC. Natural World. Web Assessed 14 Sept 2020

Shook, Beth. Nelson, Katie. Aguilera, Kelsie. Braff, Lara. Editors. “Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology”. American Anthropological. Arlington, VA.

Unknown. “Monkey Worlds”. World Press. BioExpedition Publishing. https://www.monkeyworlds.com/pygmy-marmoset/. (Links to an external site.) Web Assessed 14 Sept 2020